If you always pay attention to the fabric composition of items while shopping, you’ve probably seen spandex listed on a lot of care labels. Although its content is often low, spandex is widely used and is a must in almost all intimate apparel. In this blog, we will provide a clear overview of what spandex is, how it’s made, its various applications, and more, beginning with its definition.
What Is Spandex?
Spandex is a synthetic fiber, recognized for its excellent elasticity. Often referred to as elastic fiber, spandex is rarely used on its own. Instead, it is mixed with different fibers, usually making up about 3% to 10% of the fabric. For fabrics that require extra stretch, spandex can be included in higher amounts—up to 20%. This combination improves the fabric’s elasticity and comfort, making spandex a popular choice in different types of clothing.
What Is Spandex Made of?
Spandex is a type of highly elastic synthetic fiber. It is composed of a polymer comprising over 85% polyurethane chain segments. The primary raw materials used in the manufacturing of spandex are polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI).
There are four main methods for producing spandex, among which solution dry spinning is the most widely used spandex spinning method in the world. This method is well-developed. The spandex produced has outstanding quality and performance.
Characteristics of Spandex
● Stretch
Spandex is synonymous with elasticity, capable of stretching 5-8 times its original size while maintaining its shape. This rapid recovery to its original shape prevents the fabric from wrinkling.
● Comfort
Spandex not only stretches comfortably but is also made from a unique yarn blend. Covered spandex yarn combines spandex with fibers such as cotton, nylon, and polyester. This combination results in a soft fabric with freedom of movement without, causing no excessive pressure or discomfort.
● Durability
Spandex is highly durable, resisting aging more effectively than other fibers. It has a strength of 2-3 times that of latex and remains stable even in acidic or alkaline conditions. Plus, it is resistant to fading, ensuring it looks good even after extensive use.
● Lightweight
Spandex itself is known for its lightweight. It is less dense than many other fibers and is often blended with other fibers in small amounts, which creates fabrics with better performance while keeping the overall weight low.
● Skin-Friendliness
As a synthetic fabric, its production process can include chemicals that might irritate skin, especially some sensitive skin types.
● Breathability
Spandex by itself is less breathable compared to natural fibers. However, when it is blended with natural fibers, the resulting fabric becomes very breathable and comfortable.
Environmental Impact of Spandex
The environmental impact of spandex begins with its raw materials, which are primarily industrial substances. Chemicals such as PTMEG, sourced from coal, and MDI, produced from petrochemicals, exploiting non-renewable resources.
Additionally, spandex is not biodegradable. When it ends up in landfills or is incinerated, it leads to environmental pollution. To address these sustainability concerns, new technology is now available to separate spandex from blended fabrics for recycling, reducing the environmental footprint of spandex.
Different Types of Spandex
● Cotton Spandex
Cotton spandex maintains the moisture absorption and breathability of cotton while adding elasticity. Unlike pure cotton, cotton spandex resists deformation and hardening after washing, ensuring comfort. Furthermore, this fabric is less prone to fading. However, cotton spandex may not be as gentle on sensitive skin as pure cotton.
● Nylon Spandex
Nylon spandex or nylon stretch fabric is strong and stretchy. Its high abrasion resistance ensures durability, making it less likely to deform over time. The fabric dries quickly, making it perfect for swimsuits, activewear, and sun-protective garments.
● Polyester Spandex
Polyester spandex shares durability with nylon spandex and is commonly used in sports t-shirts. Though its moisture management is poor, it doesn’t absorb sweat, keeping the fabric lightweight and comfortable when exercising.
● Modal Spandex
Modal spandex offers natural elasticity enhanced by spandex. This blend excels in moisture wicking and feels soft, with a lovely drape. Its elasticity allows it to conform well to body shapes, providing both comfort and style.
What Is Spandex Used for?
● Garment
Spandex is commonly used to provide elasticity in different directions to various fabrics, depending on the garment’s purpose as well as enhancing its overall comfort. This flexibility makes items like tight dresses and bodysuits fit better and more attractively.
● Sportswear
Almost all types of sportswear use spandex to improve comfort and athletic performance. Polyester spandex in sports tops helps reduce the discomfort of sweat, while nylon spandex in pants offers extra durability against wear.
● Underwear & Swimwear
Underwear, which is worn closely to the body, benefits from spandex’s stretch, enhancing comfort during movement. Spandex is often used in the entire panties, especially the waistbands of panties, and bra straps, ensuring a comfortable fit. Spandex allows panties and bras to resist deformation from everyday wear and washing.
In swimwear, spandex offers a tight fit that creates a more streamlined shape, reducing water resistance. Specially treated spandex fabrics are also chlorine-resistant, giving swimsuits a longer lifespan than those made from everyday materials.
How to Care for Spandex?
Caring for spandex properly is essential to maintain its comfort and fit. Although spandex is known for its stretchability and durability, improper care can lead to deformation and a loss of elasticity. Here are some tips on how to care for spandex effectively.
- Hand Washing: Wash it in cold water and hand wash whenever possible.
- Machine Washing: Place the spandex in a laundry bag, and avoid washing it with other clothes to prevent damage.
- Drying: Never use a dryer, as it can cause the fabric to deform. Fabrics like nylon spandex or polyester spandex dry quickly on their own, so simply hang them up to air dry.
Spandex VS Lycra VS Elastane
You may find yourself wondering about the differences between spandex, elastane, and Lycra. Essentially, these terms all refer to the same elastic fiber widely used in various fabrics.
However, Lycra is a trademark name created by DuPont in 1962, known for its durability and stretch. It’s important to note that while Lycra is a type of spandex, not every spandex product can be called Lycra because it is a registered trademark.
FAQs
Does spandex shrink?
Spandex is generally resistant to shrinking. However, exposure to heat or hot water can lead to shrinkage.
Does spandex melt?
Yes, spandex can melt at around 240 Celcius degree.
Does spandex have latex?
No, spandex doesn’t contain latex; it is produced from petroleum.
Is spandex waterproof?
Spandex is not waterproof as it can absorb some moisture. However, it dries quickly.
Is spandex quick-drying?
While quick-drying fabrics often include spandex, it’s not the main reason they dry fast. The polyester and nylon in the fabric are actually what make it dry quickly.
Is spandex safe to wear?
Spandex is commonly safe to wear, though it is a synthetic material that may contain sensitizers, which could trigger allergic reactions in some users.
Is spandex plastic?
Yes, spandex is one of the plastic materials since it is made from petroleum, and it can release microplastics.
Conclusion
By reading this blog, you’ve probably learned a lot about spandex, including its distinct characteristics, the production process, its applications, and its environmental impact. As you enjoy the benefits of spandex, remember to follow our care tips to extend its lifespan. For more details about our fabric offerings, please continue to browse Sinosilk.
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